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This write up was updated at 9:54 a.m. ET on Feb. 9 .
A text that may be the old copy of a gospel known to exist — a fragment of the Gospel of Mark that was written during the first century , before the year 90 — is set to be publish .
At nowadays , the oldest surviving written matter of the gospel texts date to the second century ( the age 101 to 200 ) .
This first - century religious doctrine shard was publish on a tabloid of Cyperus papyrus that was subsequently reused to create a mask that was worn by a mummy . Although the mummies ofEgyptian pharaohswore mask made of atomic number 79 , ordinary people had to settle down for masks made out of papyrus ( or linen ) , blusher and mucilage . Given how expensive paper rush was , mass often had to reprocess sheets that already had writing on them .
In recent years scientists have develop a proficiency that allows the gum of mummy masks to be undone without harming the ink on the paper . The textual matter on the sheets can then be take .
The first - century church doctrine is one of hundreds of new texts that a team of about three - dozen scientist and student is do work to expose , and analyse , by using this technique of ungluing the mask , say Craig Evans , a prof of New Testament studies at Acadia Divinity College in Wolfville , Nova Scotia .
" We ’re recover ancient written document from the first , 2d and third hundred . Not just Christian documents , not just biblical document , but classical Greek text , byplay papers , various mundane paper , personal missive , " Evans told Live Science . The documents include philosophic texts and copy of stories by the Grecian poet Homer . [ See Images of former Christian Inscriptions and Artifacts ]
The occupation and personal letters sometimes have dates on them , he allege . When the glue was dissolve , the investigator date the first - century Gospels in part by analyzing the other document chance in the same mask .
One drawback to the cognitive process is that themummy maskis destroyed , and so scholars in the field are debate whether that particular method should be used to let on the texts they contain .
But Evans emphasized that the masks that are being destroyed to reveal the novel school text are not high lineament ones that would be displayed in a museum . Some are not mask at all but are but piece of cartonnage .
Evans told Live Science , " We ’re not talk about the devastation of any museum - calibre piece . "
The technique is bringing many unexampled texts to light , Evans note . " From a single mask , it ’s not foreign to recover a couple dozen or even more " raw text , he told Live Science . " We ’re going to terminate up with many hundreds of paper plant when the workplace is done , if not G . "
Debate
scholar who work on the project have to contract a nondisclosure agreement that restrict what they can say publicly . There are several reasons for this correspondence . One is that some of the proprietor of these masks simply do not want to be made known , Evans said . " The scholars who are working on this projection have to abide by the asking of the museums , university , private owners , so onward . "
The owners of the mummy mask retain possession of thepapyrus sheetsafter the glue on them is dissolved .
Evans said that the only intellect he can utter about the first - one C gospel before it is publish is because a phallus of the squad leaked some of the information in 2012 . Evans was deliberate to say that he is not telling Live Science anything about the first - C gospel singing that has n’t already been leaked online .
Soon after the 2012 leak , conjecture surrounded the method that the scholars used to see out the Gospels ’s age .
Evans state that the schoolbook was date through a combination ofcarbon-14 dating , canvas the handwriting on the shard and analyze the other documents see along with the gospel . These consideration led the researchers to conclude that the sherd was written before the yr 90 . With the nondisclosure accord in place , Evans said that he ca n’t say much more about the schoolbook ’s date until the papyrus is print .
demolition of mummy masquerade party
The process that is used to find the papyri , which postulate the devastation of the mummy mask , has also generated debate . For instance , archaeologist Paul Barford , who write about collecting and inheritance issues , has written ascathing web log postcriticizing the work on the evangel .
Roberta Mazza , a lecturer in Classics and Ancient account at the University of Manchester , hasbloggedher concerns about the textas hasBrice Jones , a doctoral nominee in religion at Concordia University .
When the texts are issue the debate is likely to move beyond the blogosphere and into mainstream media and scholarly journal .
scriptural clues
Although the first - century gospel truth sherd is small , the text will provide clues as to whether the Gospel of Mark changed over time , Evans said .
His own research is focused on analyzing the mummy mask text , to try on to regulate how long people accommodate onto them before disposing or reusing them . This can succumb valuable information about how biblical texts were copied over time .
" We have every reason to believe that the original writings and their earliest transcript would have been in circulation for a hundred year in most cases — in some cases much longer , even 200 years , " he said .
This entail that " a scribe making a transcript of a handwriting in the third century could in reality have at his disposition ( the ) first - hundred originals , or first - 100 copies , as well as 2nd - century copies . "
Set to issue
Evans say that the research team will write the first volume of texts obtained through the mummy mask and cartonnage later this year . It will let in the evangel fragment that the researcher believe date back to the first century .
The team originally hoped the volume would be published in 2013 or 2014 , but the escort had to be moved back to 2015 . Evans say he is uncertain why the record ’s issue was delayed , but the squad has made use of the extra fourth dimension to conduct further studies into the first - one C gospel . " The welfare of the delay is that when it come in out , there will be additional information about it and other related to textbook . "
