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fossilist in Spain have unearth a 4.5 million - twelvemonth - old tooth that likely belonged to one of the last crocodiles in Europe .
The tooth is the only crocodilian fogey excavate from a site call Baza-1 in the southern province of Granada and indicates the predator look standardized to Nile crocodiles ( Crocodylus niloticus ) that live in Africa today .
Paleontologists unearthed a 4.5 million-year-old tooth, which represents the latest evidence of crocodiles living in Europe.
Baza-1 was first excavate in the early 2000s and has yielded more than 2,000 fossil , despite only covering an area of 323 substantial animal foot ( 30 square meters ) , consort to a translatedstatement .
" The tooth we find at the site of Baza-1 corresponds to a true crocodile , " saidBienvenido Martínez Navarro , a palaeontologist with the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies ( ICREA ) and research prof at the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution ( IPHES ) who co - led the recent excavations . " We have classify it asCrocodylusbecause , at the moment , the only grounds of its comportment at this site is this tooth , and we do n’t have enough anatomical result to be more exact , " Martínez Navarro told Live Science in an email .
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Archaeologists excavate the Baza-1 site in the province of Granada, in southern Spain.
This is the most recent evidence of a crocodile ever found in the fossil book in Europe , Martínez Navarro said . Until now , fossils suggestingcrocodilesroamed the continent number from earlier deposits , include from the Miocene ( 23 million to 5.3 million age ago ) and from very early on on during the Pliocene ( 5.3 million to 2.6 million years ago ) .
Crocodiles likely cross over from Africa to Europe around 6.2 million years ago , just before the Mediterranean Sea dry out up during what is known as the Messinian salinity crisis , Martínez Navarro said .
The Messinian salinity crisis was part actuate by a global temperature reduction event that lock ocean water up in glacier and iceberg , lowering sea levels by about 230 foot ( 70 meters ) , grant to theUniversity of Maryland . This fall resulted in less water flowing from the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean . Meanwhile , architectonic shimmy also caused the ocean floor around the Strait of Gibraltar to rise , isolating the Mediterranean , which ultimately became unconnected from the globe ’s oceans and dried up .
This left behind a vast expanse of saltup to 2 miles ( 3 kilometre ) thickheaded in some stead , which scientists rule bury beneath hundreds of feet of deposit in the 1970s .
" It was possible to walk from northern Africa to the Iberian Peninsula , " Martínez Navarro order , adding that several species would have crossed this expanse .
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The Messinian saltiness crisis hold up rough 700,000 years and end abruptly when a gigantic surge of water system known as the Zanclean flood — triggered by evaporated water repay to the ocean and erosion of the strip of domain around Gibraltar — replenish the Mediterranean Sea .
African crocodiles that found their way to modern - twenty-four hour period Spain and Portugal in all probability disappeared when the clime became colder and drying agent during the Pliocene , Martínez Navarro said . The early Pliocene , however , was characterize by a tropic climate that supported a rich assemblage of animal — including now - extinct elephants , reptiles , amphibious aircraft and fish — whose corpse were also excavate at the land site where the tooth was found .
Researchers hope the fossils excavate at Baza-1 will help them reconstruct a critical moment in paleohistory , when species migrated from Africa to Europe , Martínez Navarro say .
